Acceso usuarios
Rosa María Nava Rogel, Sahid Israel Mulhia Romero, Juan José Huerta Mata
La acuicultura en aguas dulces es una de las actividades más importantes del centro de México en zonas boscosas. A pesar de que la actividad se sustenta en el entorno ambiental, la mayoría de los acuicultores no logran una producción eficiente y sostenible. Este trabajo determina los factores que tienen mayor relación con la sostenibilidad ambiental, considerando la percepción de 64 productores. Se delimitaron dos grupos diferenciados a partir del grado de responsabilidad social. Para el grupo con un alto grado, la sostenibilidad ambiental depende de la vulnerabilidad y de la economía local y desarrollo comunitario, mientras que para el grupo con un medio o bajo grado, depende de la vulnerabilidad y gestión holística. Se propone capacitar y apoyar a los productores para reducir los riesgos, a través del monitoreo constante de las condiciones del agua, asesorías para el control de las enfermedades y la construcción de un refugio comunitario con aguas controladas para los peces. Se comprueba que los acuicultores con un mayor grado de responsabilidad social, adquieren un enfoque más proactivo y preventivo, mientras que el grupo con menor grado se centra más en la gestión adaptativa.
Since the second half of the twentieth century, the government of Mexico granted support to install aquaculture farms in the center of the country, taking advantage of the forested areas. Since then, aquaculture has become one of the most important activities in the region. However, few aquaculture farmers have managed to develop profitable and sustainable production, despite the growing problems generated by global warming, which have had an impact on the environment and the increase in operating costs. On the other hand, the evaluation of the activities that have been developed to implement more sustainable practices in freshwater aquaculture has not been possible because the satellite accounts do not have updated information. This work determines the factors that have the greatest relationship with the environmental sustainability of freshwater aquaculture in central Mexico, using a questionnaire developed for this research that is based on the FAO Sustainability Assessment of Food Agriculture System, we collected 64 questionnaires applied to aquaculture farmers, as a basis for the development of a proposal aimed at the sustainable practice of freshwater aquaculture. We observe two different groups: the group made up of producers with a high degree of social responsibility and the group of producers who have a medium or low degree of social responsibility. For the first group, environmental sustainability depends on vulnerability and local economy and community development. For the second group, environmental sustainability depends on vulnerability and holistic management. Vulnerability is the factor that affects both groups the most, which is why we propose to train and support producers to reduce risks, constantly checking the temperature, oxygen and quality of the water. It is necessary to bring producers closer to the government and academia to receive permanent advice on disease control and adjustments in feeding, and to build community refuges with controlled waters for fish. It is necessary for fish farmers to be aware that their individual actions have consequences in the community, so that they increase their social responsibility; with that, they can take a more strategic and proactive approach to environmental sustainability.
