Madrid, España
En el debate sobre los distintos significados y usos del concepto tercera España, es importante introducir el concepto tercera Europa para comprender el contexto histórico español dentro del periodo de entreguerras. En todos los países europeos hubo una fuerte división y grandes tensiones entre distintos proyectos políticos que, en muchos casos, tendieron a la radicalización. No en todos estalló una guerra civil, pero en casi todos hubo una latente, por lo menos desde el punto de vista ideológico, que en muchos se hizo patente durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En este artículo se presta atención a intelectuales europeos que, por sus ideas y acciones políticas, simbolizan posiciones ideológicas centradas que van desde la socialdemocracia a la democracia cristina y el liberalismo conservador, pasando por el liberalismo renovado. Son comunes a todos sus ideas contrarias a los extremismos, la crítica al totalitarismo fascista o bolchevique y la defensa de la libertad, la democracia y el Estado de derecho.
In the debate on the different meanings and uses of the concept of Third Spain, it is important to introduce the concept of Third Europe to understand the historical context of Spain in the interwar period. In all European countries there was a strong division and great tensions between different political projects that, in many cases, tended to radicalization. Not in all countries a civil war broke out, but in almost all there was a latent one, at least from the ideological point of view, which became evident in several countries during the Second World War. In this article, attention is paid to European intellectuals who, by their ideas and political actions, symbolize moderate ideological positions that range from social democracy to Christian democracy and conservative liberalism, passing through renewed liberalism. They are all characterized by 1) his ideas against extremism, 2) their criticism of totalitarianism whether fascist or Bolshevik, and 3) their defence of freedom, democracy and rule of law.