Abstract In this article, I analyse the role of the state in the publishing industry in Iran over the past 70 years, spanning two political regimes, to highlight the centrality of publishing in understanding the functioning of culture in Iranian society and politics. There is a continuity in Iran’s political functioning, despite the differences between the Pahlavi monarchy and the Islamic Republic: in both cases, these are largely authoritarian regimes, which are also heavily invested in cultural matters, including in publishing. What is the role of the state in the Iranian publishing industry from the 1950s to the present and how does this role evolve as the industry itself changes? How are these evolutions entangled?