Estados Unidos
México
Ante los desafíos que plantea la crisis climática, ambiental y de desarrollo, las políticas socioambientales han buscado articular estrategias de conservación con objetivos de bienestar social. En México, un país con alta biodiversidad y significativa deforestación, destacan los programas de Pagos por Servicios Ambientales (PSA) y Sembrando Vida (PSV). Ambos buscan promover el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales y promover el bienestar. Sin embargo, presentan diferencias estructurales que generan impactos distintos en las comunidades rurales. Se parte de la hipótesis de que, si bien estos programas comparten un mismo diagnóstico, sus acciones tienen una limitada contribución a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS), además de afectar la cohesión social. Es necesario apartarse del paradigma de que un solo programa integra la política pública.
In response to the challenges posed by the climate, environmental, and development crises, socio-environmental policies have sought to align conservation strategies with social well-being objectives. Mexico, a country rich in biodiversity but facing significant deforestation, has implemented notable programs such as Payments for Environmental Services (PES) and Sembrando Vida (PSV). Both initiatives aim to promote the sustainable use of natural resources while improving community well-being. However, their structural differences lead to distinct impacts on rural communities. This analysis is based on the hypothesis that, although these programs stem from a common diagnosis, their actions make only a limited contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and may even affect social cohesion. It is essential to move beyond the assumption that a single program can fully encapsulate public policy.