Las políticas activas de empleo en europa ante la pandemia: reacción o cambio de tendencia

• JOAN ANTONI ALUJAS RUIZ ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat de Barcelona

     Universitat de Barcelona

     Barcelona, España

     
• Localización: Temas laborales: Revista andaluza de trabajo y bienestar social, ISSN 0213-0750, Nº 177, 2025, págs. 195-225
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Active employment policies in europe in the face of the pandemic:: Reaction or change in trend
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Nuestro estudio se centra en el análisis de la respuesta de las políticas activas de empleo como instrumento para intentar contrarrestar los efectos de la crisis derivada de la pandemia del COVID-19 en Europa y si ha supuesto un cambio de tendencia o solo una reacción para evitar que el aumento de desempleo deviniera estructural. Con este propósito, a partir de los datos de la Labour market policies (LMP) database - European Commission sobre el gasto público en políticas de mercado de trabajo, se analizan una serie de indicadores que tienen en cuenta el nivel de gasto, su composición y la tasa de paro, con el objetivo de evidenciar las diferencias entre países a la hora de aplicar las medidas de política activa. La conclusión más evidente que se deriva del análisis efectuado es que la respuesta fue una reacción, aumentando el gasto sobre todo en 2020, pero concentrado por una parte en los incentivos al mantenimiento del empleo y por otra, en las prestaciones de desempleo parcial, ambas medidas vinculadas a los esquemas de retención del empleo. Posteriormente, se vuelve de forma mayoritaria a los niveles y a la estructura de gasto registrada en 2019. La relevancia del tema se refleja en la diferente estrategia de política de empleo aplicada en comparación a la llevada a cabo durante la crisis de 2008.

  • English

    Our study focuses on the analysis of the response of active labour market policies as an instrumet to try to counteract the effects of the crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and whether it has meant a change in trend or only a reaction to prevent the increase in unemployment from becoming structural. For this purpose, based on the data provided by the European Commission throught the Labour market policies (LMP) database on public spending on labour market policies, a series of indicators are analysed that take into account the level of spending, its composition and the unemployment rate, with the aim of highlighting the differences between countries when it comes to applying active policy measures. The most obvious conclusion to be drawn from the analysis is that the response was reactive, with spending increasing especially in 2020, but concentrated on the one hand on incentives to maintain employment and on the other hand on partial unemployment benefits, both measures linked to job retention schemes. Subsequently, there is a majority return to the levels and structure of spending recorded in 2019. The relevance of the issue is reflected in the different employment policy strategy implemented compared to that carried out during the crisis of 2008

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Bánociová, A. y Martinková, S. (2017): “Active Labour Market Policies of Selected European Countries and Their Competitiveness”, Journal of...
  • Bozani, V. (2024). “The European Labour Market Recovery: Polic Responses During and After the COVID-19 Crisis”. En: S. Amine (Ed.), Public...
  • Brown, A.J.G. y KoettL, J. (2015): “Active labor market programs - employment gain or fiscal drain?” IZA Journal of Labor Economics, Vol....
  • Costa, M., Joyce, R., Postel-Vinay, F. y Xu, X. (2020). "The Challenges for Labour Market Policy during the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Fiscal...
  • Dar, A. y Tzannatos, Z. (1999). Active labor market programs: A review of the evidence from evaluations. Social Protection Discussion Paper...
  • Drahokoupil, J. y Müller, T. (2021). Job retention schemes in Europe. A lifeline during the COVID-19 pandemic, Working Paper 2021.07, The...
  • Eichhorst, W., Marx, P., Rinne, U. y Brummer, J. (2022). Job retention schemes during the COVID-19: a review of policy responses. International...
  • Fitzenberger, B. y Walwei, U. (2023). Short-time work during the COVID-19 crisis: Lessons learned, IAB-Forschungsbericht, No. 5/2023, Institute...
  • Forslund, A., Fredriksson, P. y Vikström, J. (2011): “What active labor market policy works in a recession?” Nordic Economic Policy Review,...
  • García-Clemente, J., Rubino, N. y Congregado, E. (2023). “Reemployment premium effect of furlough programs: evaluating Spain’s scheme during...
  • Quiggin, J. (2001): “Active Labour Market Policy and Macroeconomic Stabilisation”, The Drawing Board: An Australian Review of Public Affairs,...
  • Romero, J. M., & Kuddo, A. (2019). Moving forward with ALMPs: Active labor policy and the changing nature of labor markets. Social Protection...