Indonesia
Behind the global push for gender equality are many unresolved issues, especially in the South. Women, especially coastal women managing mangroves, bear a double burden. Feminist theory introduced the term “double burden” inthelate 1970s, when more housewives and white women joined the workforce, changing the labour force structure. Feminist theory is used to examine coastal women’s double burden in mangrove maintenance. Qualitative socio-legal researchuses interviews, participant observations, and literature reviews. The analysis useddiscourse analysis. The study found that men and women use mangrovesdifferently based on their socioeconomic status. Men dominate mangroveconservation policies, neglecting women’s roles. This imbalance makes coastal women, who manage natural resources and conduct housework, work more. Thisgender inequity also marginalises women as “second-class citizens.” Gender stratification increases when nature and culture are viewed as separate, prohibitingwomen from participating in mangrove conservation decisions. Thus, women’sempowerment is the key to gender equality and mangrove ecosystemsustainability. Empowerment enhances access, involvement, control, and benefit.