Uruguay
La Constitución uruguaya establece un modelo de constitucionalismo débil. En virtud de una peculiar forma de rigidez constitucional, de reforma mayoritaria y asequible para la ciudadanía, y de un sistema de jurisdicción constitucional en el que las sentencias tienen efectos particulares, se instaura un diseño de necesario diálogo entre intérpretes constitucionales.Así, se genera la posibilidad de coexistencia de diferentes interpretaciones de las disposiciones constitucionales, desarrolladas por diversos agentes institucionales -constituyente, legislador y jueces-, con los alcances correspondientes en atención a las funciones que les son respectivamente asignadas. En ese marco, se pretende reseñar el elenco de posibles reacciones o respuestas legislativas ante la declaración jurisdiccional de inconstitucionalidad de una ley, proponer ciertas bases para la elaboración de un modelo de corrección funcional del legislador en tales escenarios y realizar un análisis a partir de las reacciones ante las sentencias de los últimos años.
The Uruguayan Constitution establishes a model of weak constitutionalism. By virtue of a peculiar form of rigidity, of majority constitutional reform accessible to citizens, and of a system of constitutional jurisdiction in which rulings have particular effects, a design of dialogue between constitutional interpreters is necessary established. This generates the possibility of the coexistence of different interpretations of the constitutional provisions, developed by different institutional agents -constituent, legislator and judges-, with the corresponding scopes according to the functions respectively assigned to them. Within this framework, the purpose of this paper is to review the possible legislative responses to the jurisdictional declaration of unconstitutionality of a law, to propose certain bases for the development of a model of functional correction of the legislator in such scenarios and to analyze the reactions to the rulings in the last years.
Summary: I.- Introduction. II.- The institutional spokesmen of the Uruguayan Constitution. The legislative, jurisdictional and citizen interpretation of the Constitution. III.- The coexistence of legislative and jurisdictional interpretations of the Constitution requires the development of a model of legislative reconsideration. IV.- On legislative responses to judgments declaring the unconstitutionality of a law. V.- Bases for a model of functional correction of the legislator in the face of the declaration of unconstitutionality of laws. VI.- On the legislative responses effectively generated in recent years. Empirical survey. VII.- Recapitulation.