El encanto del personalismo: explicando el ascenso de Nayib Bukele en El Salvador

• Luján, Diego ^[1] ; Puig Lombardi, Gonzalo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de la República

     Universidad de la República

     Uruguay

     
• Localización: América latina hoy: Revista de ciencias sociales, ISSN 1130-2887, Nº. 94, 2024
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.14201/alh.31891
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The Electoral Allure of Personalism: Explaining the Rise of Nayib Bukele in El Salvador
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    La apelación a las características individuales de los candidatos con fines electorales es un fenómeno de alcance global. Este artículo analiza cómo funciona el personalismo electoral a partir del caso de Nayib Bukele en El Salvador. A partir de un análisis de su discurso en redes sociales, se reconstruye su estrategia de movilización y persuasión electoral. El artículo contribuye a la literatura al desentrañar el funcionamiento específico de la diferenciación personalista e identifica sus principales atributos.

  • English

    The appeal of candidates’ individual characteristics for electoral purposes is a global phenomenon. This article analyzes how electoral personalism works based on the study of the case of Nayib Bukele in El Salvador. Based on speech analysis in social networks, this article reconstructs Bukele’s electoral mobilization and persuasion strategy. It contributes to the literature by unraveling the specific functioning of personalistic differentiation and identifying its main attributes.

    2.14.0.0 2.14.0.0 2.14.0.0

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Aguilar, L., Rodríguez, L. y Santos, G. (2023). De la partidocracia al populismo en El Salvador. En M. Casullo y H. Brown (Coords.), El populismo...
  • Andrews-Lee, C. (2019). The Power of Charisma: Investigating the Neglected Citizen-Politician Linkage in Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela. Journal...
  • Andrews-Lee, C. (2020). The Power of Charisma: Investigating the Neglected Citizen-Politician Linkage in Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela. Journal...
  • Andrews-Lee, C. (2021). The Emergence and Revival of Charismatic Movements: Argentine Peronism and Venezuelan Chavismo. Cambridge University...
  • Azpuru, D. (2010). The salience of ideology: Fifteen years of presidential elections in El Salvador. Latin American Politics and Society,...
  • Baldovinos, R. (2021). Nayib Bukele: Populismo e implosión democrática en El Salvador. Andamios, 18(46), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.29092/uacm.v18i46.844
  • Brown, H. y Casullo, M. E. (2023). Democratization and neopatrimonialism: Is there a populist wave in Central America? Revista Mexicana de...
  • Casullo, M. E. (2019). ¿Por qué funciona el populismo?: El discurso que sabe construir explicaciones convincentes de un mundo en crisis. Siglo...
  • Casullo, M. E. y Brown, H. (2023). Introducción. Reconstruyendo mitos populistas en América Central. En M. Casullo y H. Brown (Coords.), El...
  • Cervi, L., Tejedor, S. y Villar, M. G. (2023). Twitting Against the Enemy: Populist Radical Right Parties Discourse Against the (Political)...
  • Cox, G. W. (1997). Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139174954
  • Cyr, J. (2017). The Fates of Political Parties: Institutional Crisis, Continuity, and Change in Latin America. Cambridge University Press....
  • Dalton, R. y Wattenberg, M. (2002). Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. OUP Oxford.
  • El Faro. (2018, abril 30). El error del FMLN es haber hecho exactamente lo que Nayib quería. https://elfaro.net/es/201804/el_salvador/21778/%E2%80%9CEl-error-del-FMLN-es-haber-hecho-exactamente-lo-que-Nayib-quer%C3%ADa%E2%80%9D.htm
  • Enli, G. S. y Skogerbø, E. (2013). Personalized Campaigns in Party-Centred Politics. Information, Communication & Society, 16(5), 757-774....
  • Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., Nietsche, C. y Wright, J. (2021). How Personalist Politics Is Changing Democracies. Journal of Democracy,...
  • Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., Wright, J. y Xu, X. (2020). Personalization of power and repression in dictatorships. The Journal of Politics,...
  • Garzia, D., Ferreira Da Silva, F. y De Angelis, A. (2021). Leaders without partisans: Dealignment, media change, and the personalization of...
  • Gilardi, F., Gessler, T., Kubli, M. y Müller, S. (2022). Social Media and Political Agenda Setting. Political Communication, 39(1), 39-60....
  • Grassetti, J. (2022). El discurso político de Nayib Bukele en Twitter. Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios en Diseño y Comunicación. Ensayos,...
  • Jacobs, K. y Spierings, N. (2018). A populist paradise? Examining populists’ Twitter adoption and use. Information, Communication & Society,...
  • Jungherr, A. (2016). Twitter use in election campaigns: A systematic literature review. Journal of Information Technology & Politics,...
  • Kartsounidou, E., Papaxanthi, D. y Andreadis, I. (2023). Measuring the impact of candidates’ tweets on their electoral results. Journal of...
  • Kendall-Taylor, A., Frantz, E. y Wright, J (2017). The global rise of personalized politics: it’s not just dictators anymore. The Washington...
  • Kitschelt, H. (2000). Linkages between citizens and politicians in democratic polities. Comparative Political Studies, 33(6-7).
  • La Prensa Gráfica. (2017, octubre 11). Nayib Bukele, expulsado del FMLN por estas razones. https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Nayib-Bukele-expulsado-del-FMLN-20171010-0075.html
  • Larsson, A. O. (2016). Online, all the time? A quantitative assessment of the permanent campaign on Facebook. New Media & Society, 18(2),...
  • Levitsky, S., Loxton, J., Dyck, B. V. y Domínguez, J. I. (2016). Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.
  • Luján, D., y Acosta y Lara, F. (2024). Assessing Electoral Personalism in Latin American Presidential Elections. Journal of Politics in Latin...
  • Lupu, N. (2016). Party brands in crisis: Partisanship, brand dilution, and the breakdown of political parties in Latin America. Cambridge...
  • Madsen, D. y Snow, P. G. (1991). The charismatic bond: Political behavior in time of crisis. Harvard University Press.
  • Martínez, G. (2016). Estabilidad y cambio del sistema de partidos en El Salvador. En F. Freidenberg (Ed.), Los sistemas de partidos en América...
  • Meléndez, M. (2021). Latin America Erupts: Millennial Authoritarianism in El Salvador. Journal of Democracy, 32(3), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2021.0031
  • Moraes, J. A. y Béjar, S. (2023). Electoral volatility and political polarization in developing democracies: Evidence from Latin America,...
  • Mudde, C. y Kaltwasser, C. R. (2017). Populism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
  • Nilsson, M. (2022). Nayib Bukele: Populism and autocratization, or a very popular democratically elected president? Journal of Geography,...
  • Parmelee, J. H. (2014). The agenda-building function of political tweets. New Media & Society, 16(3), 434-450. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487955
  • Perelló, L. y Navia, P. (2022). The disruption of an institutionalised and polarised party system: Discontent with democracy and the rise...
  • Peterson, R. D. (2012). To tweet or not to tweet: Exploring the determinants of early adoption of Twitter by House members in the 111th Congress....
  • Poguntke, T. y Webb, P. (Eds.) (2005). The presidentialization of politics: A comparative study of modern democracies. Oxford: Oxford University...
  • Rahat, G. y Kenig, O. (2018). From party politics to personalized politics? Party change and political personalization in democracies. Oxford...
  • Rahat, G. y Sheafer, T. (2007). The personalization(s) of politics: Israel, 1949-2003. Political Communication, 24(1): 65-80.
  • Rhodes-Purdy, M. y Madrid, R. (2020). The perils of personalism. Democratization, 27(2), 321-339.
  • Roberts, K. M. (2014). Changing Course in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.
  • Siles, I., Guevara, E., Tristán-Jiménez, L. y Carazo, C. (2023). Populism, religion, and social media in Central America. The International...
  • Singer, M. (2016). Elite Polarization and The Electoral Impact of Left-Right Placements: Evidence from Latin America, 1995-2009. Latin American...
  • The Guardian. (2021, septiembre 26). Nayib Bukele calls himself the ‘world’s coolest dictator’ – but is he joking? https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/26/naybib-bukele-el-salvador-president-coolest-dictator
  • Theocharis, Y., Barberá, P., Fazekas, Z. y Popa, S. A. (2020). The Dynamics of Political Incivility on Twitter. SAGE Open, 10(2), 2158244020919447....
  • Turner, J. R. (2022). Guerrillas and authoritarians: Partners in post-war polarization. Party Politics, 28(1), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068820968409
  • Wade, C. (2023). El Salvador: Democracy in Peril? En H. Kline y C. Wade (Eds.), Latin American Politics and Development Tenth Edition (pp....
  • Wattenberg, M. (1990). From a Partisan to a Candidate-centered Electorate. En A. King, The New American Political System. (pp. 139-174). Macmillan...
  • Wattenberg, M. (2011). US party leaders: Exploring the meaning of candidate-centered politics. En K. Aarts, A. Blais y H. Schmitt (Eds.)....
  • Weber, M. (2002 [1922]). Economía y Sociedad. Esbozo de sociología comprensiva. Fondo de Cultura Económica.