La desigualdad de riqueza en perspectiva generacional: evidencia de la encuesta financiera de las familias (2002-2020)

• Iván Soriano Muñoz ^[1] ; Xabier Gainza Barrenkua
  1. [1] Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

     Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

     Leioa, España

     
• Localización: REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, ISSN 0210-5233, Nº 189, 2025, págs. 149-166
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5477/cis/reis.189.149-166
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Wealth inequality from a generational perspective: evidence from the survey of household finances (2002-2020)
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    A través de la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias elaborada por el Banco de España, y mediante índices de Gini y de Entropía Generalizada, el artículo analiza la evolución de la distribución de la riqueza neta entre grupos de edad durante el periodo 2002-2020. Los resultados muestran una creciente polarización y un deterioro en la posición relativa de los hogares jóvenes. La desigualdad se explica, sobre todo, por las dinámicas dentro de cada cohorte. Los hogares jóvenes son hoy el grupo más heterogéneo, pero las diferencias entre grupos han aumentado notablemente. El análisis apunta a los cambios en la propiedad inmobiliaria como uno de los factores que explican la creciente desigualdad, ya que la vivienda es el principal activo de riqueza.

  • English

    Based on the Bank of Spain’s Survey of Household Finances, and using the Gini and Generalised Entropy indexes, this article analyses the evolution of the distribution of net wealth across age groups over the period 2002-2020. The results show growing polarization, and a decline in the relative position of young households. Inequality is primarily explained by intra-cohort dynamics and young households are now the most heterogeneous group, but differences between groups have increased significantly. The analysis points to changes in property ownership as one of the factors explaining rising inequality, as housing is the main asset in wealth.

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