Migrantes cualificados en Andalucía: segregación ocupacional y sobrecualificación (2005-2023)

• Bárbara Montero-González ^[1] ; José A. Camacho-Ballesta ^[1] ; Francisco D. Bretones ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Granada

     Universidad de Granada

     Granada, España

     
• Localización: Revista de estudios andaluces, ISSN-e 2340-2776, ISSN 0212-8594, Nº 49, 2025, págs. 193-210
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.12795/rea.2025.i49.10
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Skilled migrants in Andalusia: occupational segregation and overqualification (2005-2023)
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo analiza la segregación ocupacional de los migrantes altamente cualificados que trabajan en Andalucía, comparándola con la de sus homólogos nativos y la de migrantes con otros niveles formativos. Asimismo, se aplican modelos de probabilidad ordenados para conocer qué variables influyen más sobre la posición laboral de este grupo, destacando el impacto de factores como la formación, el idioma y la estabilidad contractual.

    Utilizando los microdatos de la Encuesta de Población Activa a lo largo del periodo 2005-2023, que recoge diferentes ciclos económicos, los resultados evidencian que la inversión en formación mejora la posición laboral de los migrantes. A pesar de ello, aproximadamente un 30% de los migrantes con estudios superiores de Andalucía sufren sobrecualificación, demostrando que el mercado laboral andaluz no está aprovechando plenamente el potencial de este colectivo.

  • English

    This article analyses the occupational segregation of highly qualified immigrants working in Andalusia, comparing their situation with that of native workers and migrants with different educational levels. Ordered probability models are employed to identify the most influential variables affecting the occupational position of this group, with a particular focus on factors such as education, language, and job stability.Drawing on microdata from the Labour Force Survey for the period 2005–2023, which spans various economic cycles, the findings reveal that investment in education significantly enhances the labour market position of immigrants. Nevertheless, approximately 30% of highly qualified immigrants in Andalusia experience overqualification, indicating that the Andalusian labour market is not fully capitalising on the potential of this group.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Aalto, A.M., Heponiemi, T., Keskimäki, I., Kuusio, H., Hietapakka, L., Lämsä, R., Sinervo, T., & Elovainio, M. (2014). Employment, psychosocial...
  • Alonso-Villar, O., & del Río, C. (2010). Local versus overall segregation measures. Mathematical Social Sciences, 60(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2010.03.002
  • Alonso-Villar, O., & del Río, C. (2017). The occupational segregation of African American women in the United States: its evolution from...
  • Anderson, B., & Blinder, S. (2015). Who counts as a migrant? Definitions and their consequences. Migration Observatory Briefing, COMPAS,...
  • Becker, G.S. (1964). Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Beckhusen, J., Florax, R.J.G.M., Poot, J., & Waldorf, B.S. (2013). Attracting global talent and then what? Overeducated immigrants in...
  • Bleakley, H., & Chin, A. (2004). Language skills and earnings: evidence from childhood immigrants. The Review of Economics and Statistics,...
  • Borjas, G.J., & Chiswick, B.R. (2019). Educational mismatch: Are high-skilled immigrants really working in high-skilled jobs, and what...
  • Boucher, A.K. (2019). How ‘skill’ definition affects the diversity of skilled immigration policies. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies....
  • Bretones, F.D., Jain, A., Leka, S., & García-López, P.A. (2020). Psychosocial working conditions and well-being of migrant workers in...
  • Bretones, F.D., & Santos, A. (2020). Health, safety and well-being of migrant workers: new hazards, new workers. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52632-0_1
  • Buttner, E.H., & Lowe, K.B. (2017). The relationship between perceived pay equity, productivity, and organizational commitment for US...
  • Bygnes, S., & Erdal, M.B. (2017). Liquid migration, grounded lives: considerations about future mobility and settlement among Polish and...
  • Cerdin, J.L., Diné, M.A., & Brewster, C. (2014). Qualified immigrants’ success: exploring the motivation to migrate and to integrate....
  • Cetrángolo, O., Curcio, J., & Calligaro, F. (2017). Evolución reciente del sector educativo en la región de América Latina y el Caribe:...
  • Cim, M., Kind, M., & Kleibrink, J. (2020). Occupational mismatch of immigrants in Europe: the role of education and cognitive skills....
  • Crowley-Henry, M., & Al Ariss, A. (2018). Talent management of skilled migrants: propositions and an agenda for future research. International...
  • Crowley-Henry, M., O’ Connor, E., & Al Ariss, A. (2018). Portrayal of skilled migrants’ careers in business and management studies: a...
  • Dietz, J., Joshi, C., Esses, V.M., Hamilton, L.K., & Gabarrot, F. (2015). The skill paradox: explaining and reducing employment discrimination...
  • Farashah, A., Blomquist, T., Al Ariss, A., & Guo, G.C. (2023). Perceived employability of skilled migrants: a systematic review and future...
  • Ferreyra, M.M., Avitabile, C., Botero Álvarez, J., Haimovich Paz, F., & Urzúa, S. (2017). Momento decisivo: la educación superior en América...
  • Galarneau, D., & Morissette, R. (2008). Immigrants’ education and required job skills. Perspectives on Labour and Income, 21(1), 5-18....
  • Gandini, L., & Lozano-Ascencio, F. (2016). The effects of the crisis on occupational segregation of skilled migrants from Latin America...
  • Garcy, A.M. (2015). Educational mismatch and mortality among native-born workers in Sweden. A 19-year longitudinal study of 2.5 million over-educated,...
  • Gradín, C., del Río, C., & Alonso-Villar, O. (2013). Occupational segregation by race and ethnicity in the United States: differences...
  • Hawthorne, L. (2010). How valuable is «two-step migration»? Labor market outcomes for international student migrants to Australia. Asian and...
  • Heckman, J. (1979). «Sample selection bias as a specification error». Econometrica, 47(1), 153-61. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912352/JSTOR 1912352
  • Irastorza, N., & Bevelander, P. (2021). Skilled migrants in the Swedish labour market: an analysis of employment, income and occupational...
  • Jendrissek, D. (2016). Building a future in times of crisis. Young, highly qualified migrants in the UK. Journal of Contemporary European...
  • Labrianidis, L., & Vogiatzis, N. (2013). Highly skilled migration: what differentiates the «brains» who are drained from those who return...
  • Mahmud, S., Alam, Q., & Härtel, C. (2014). Mismatches in skills and attributes of immigrants and problems with workplace integration:...
  • Matos, A., & Liebig, T. (2014). The qualifications of immigrants and their value in the labour market. En OECD/European Union (Ed.), Matching...
  • Mazza, A., & Punzo, A. (2014). On the upward bias of the dissimilarity index and its corrections. Sociological Methods & Research,...
  • OECD. (2014). Is migration good for the economy? Migration Policy Debates. OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. (2017). Getting skills right: skills for jobs indicators (Getting Skills Right). OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264277878-EN
  • OECD. (2019). Migration Policy Debates. https://www.oecd.org/migration/migration-policy-debates.htm
  • Palencia-Esteban, A. (2022). Occupational segregation of female and male immigrants in Europe: Accounting for cross-country differences. International...
  • Pecoraro, M., & Wanner, P. (2019). Does the recognition of foreign credentials decrease the risk for immigrants of being mismatched in...
  • Rajendran, D., Farquharson, K., & Hewege, C. (2017). Workplace integration: the lived experiences of highly skilled migrants in Australia....
  • Ramírez Aragón, R., & Bretones, F.D. (2020). Incertidumbres generadas durante el proceso del Brexit entre los trabajadores españoles altamente...
  • Rooth, D.O., & Ekberg, J. (2006). Occupational mobility for immigrants in Sweden. International Migration, 44(2), 57-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2006.00364.x
  • Schilgen, B., Nienhaus, A., Handtke, O., Schulz, H., & Mösko, M. (2017). Health situation of migrant and minority nurses: a systematic...
  • Shirmohammadi, M., Beigi, M., & Stewart, J. (2019). Understanding skilled migrants’ employment in the host country: a multidisciplinary...
  • Tesfai, R. (2020). Immigrants’ occupational segregation in France: “brown-collar” jobs or a Sub-Saharan African disadvantage? Ethnic and Racial...
  • Tesfai, R., & Thomas, K.J.A. (2020). Dimensions of Inequality: Black Immigrants’ Occupational Segregation in the United States. Sociology...
  • Townsend, R., Pascal, J., & Delves, M. (2014). South East Asian migrant experiences in regional Victoria: exploring well-being. Journal...
  • Turchick Hakak, L., Holzinger, I., & Zikic, J. (2010). Barriers and paths to success: Latin American MBAs’ views of employment in Canada....
  • Van Hear, N., Bakewell, O., & Long, K. (2018). Push-pull plus: reconsidering the drivers of migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration...
  • Yap, M., Holmes, M., Hannan, C.-A., & Cukier, W. (2014). Correlates of career satisfaction in Canada-the immigrants’ experience. Journal...
  • Zikic, J., Bonache, J., & Cerdin, J.-L. (2010). Crossing national boundaries: A typology of qualified immigrants’ career orientations....