Lobbies y el T-MEC: el papel de los grupos de interés en la negociación de las reglas de inversión del Nuevo TLCAN

• Lucas Silva Amorim ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade de São Paulo

     Universidade de São Paulo

     Brasil

     
• Localización: Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional, ISSN-e 1870-4654, Nº. 25, 2025
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Lobbys et l’ACEUM: : le rôle des groupes d’intérêt dans la négociation des règles d’investissement du Nouveau ALENA
  • Lobbies and the USMCA: : the role of interest groups in the negotiation of the New NAFTA’s investment rules
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo examina el proceso de negociación del T-MEC (Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá) que llevó a la sustitución del TLCAN (Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte), cumpliendo una promesa clave de la era Trump. Centrándonos en las disposiciones de inversión del Capítulo 14, nuestro análisis revela los diferentes resultados para los inversores en contratos gubernamentales, quienes pudieron mantener los niveles de protección y el acceso a la solución de controversias entre inversores y Estados (conocida por la sigla inglesa ISDS), en detrimento de otros inversores. Al destacar el marco legal que implica 25 comités comerciales consultivos vinculados al USTR, examinamos un corpus de 40 documentos, revelando la influencia significativa de los grupos de interés, especialmente la National Manufacturers Association (NAM). Los hallazgos iluminan las complejidades de las negociaciones de acuerdos económicos y destacan el impacto sustancial de los grupos de presión en la formulación de la política económica exterior de Estados Unidos.

  • English

    This paper examines the USMCA (United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement) negotiation process that led to the replacement of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agree-ment), fulfilling a key Trump-era promise. Focused on Chapter 14’s investment provisions, our analysis uncovers the different outcomes for government contract investors, that were able to maintain the protection levels and ISDS (investor-state dispute settlement) access, to the det-riment of other investors. Emphasizing the legal framework involving 25 advisory trade com-mittees linked to the United States Trade Representative (USTR), we scrutinize a 40-document corpus, revealing the significant influence of interest groups, notably the National Manufacturers Association. Findings illuminate the intricacies of economic agreement negotiations and under-score lobbies’ substantial impact on U.S. foreign economic policy formulation.

  • français

    Cet article examine le processus de négociation de l’ACEUM (Accord Canada–États-Unis–Mexique), qui a conduit au remplacement de l’ALENA (Accord de libre-échange nord-américain), réalisant une promesse clé de l’ère Trump. Axée sur les dispositions d’inves-tissement du Chapitre 14, notre analyse révèle les résultats divergents pour les investisseurs dans les contrats gouvernementaux, qui ont pu maintenir les niveaux de protection et l’accès au mécanisme de règlement des différends entre investisseurs et États (ISDS en abrégé en anglais), au détriment d’autres investisseurs. En mettant l’accent sur le cadre juridique impliquant 25 comités consultatifs commerciaux liés au représentant américain au commerce (USTR), nous examinons un corpus de 40 documents, révélant l’influence significative des groupes d’intérêt, notamment la National Manufacturers Association (NAM). Les résultats éclairent les complexités des négociations d’accords économiques et soulignent l’impact substantiel des groupes de pres-sion sur la formulation de la politique économique extérieure des États-Unis.

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