Acceso usuarios
León Olivé Morett 
Se hace un breve recuento histórico del sistema político y de las principales reformas en el aparato electoral mexicano que condujeron al marco dentro del cual se realizaron las elecciones presidenciales de 2006. Se revisan los principales acontecimientos de este proceso electoral y del post-electoral, así como algunos de sus antecedentes. Se concluye que el principal problema de la llamada transición democrática en México es que se centró en reformas que establecieron reglas e instituciones electorales, pero que no transformaron el resto del sistema político y por tanto no se construyeron nuevas instituciones, relaciones de poder ni una renovada estructura del Estado que dieran lugar a una genuina democracia. Las instituciones electorales demostraron en 2006 su fragilidad interna, y una seria debilidad al no estar respaldadas por otras instituciones y relaciones que pudieran robustecerlas, como un auténtico Estado de derecho y una genuina división y equilibrio de poderes. Esto permitió que las instituciones electorales en 2006 cedieran a las presiones de los grupos que han detentado tradicionalmente el poder económico y político y que se resisten a una verdadera alternancia. El desafío en México es empezar de nuevo con una reforma del Estado que no sólo establezca reglas e instituciones electorales confiables, sino que vaya a fondo en la constitución de un sistema político integral y genuinamente democrático.
A historical review of the Mexican political system is undertaken, as well as of the main reforms of this system that led to the framework in which the 2006 Mexican presidential election took place. The main aspects of this electoral process are examined, alongside some previous events and the post-electoral confrontation between two sides, one of which claimed that the result had been fraudulent. The reactions of different political agents are analyzed. The conclusion is drawn that the main problem of the so called Mexican transition to democracy is that it only established some new rules and electoral institutions, but the rest of the political system was not really transformed, the structure of power remained the same, and the institutions of the State have continued working in favor of the groups that have been exercising power over decades. The very structure of the State itself proved not having been transformed, as was shown for instance by the absence of a genuine independence both of the Judicial and the Legislative power with respect to the Executive. So there are no conditions for a genuine democracy. Electoral institutions are relatively recent, and in the 2006 electoral process and afterwards they proved to be very weak and isolated, unable to confront the economic and political elites that are unwilling to abandon the control of the State. Thus, the challenge in Mexico is to start again a new and authentic reform of the State that not only creates electoral rules and institutions trustworthy, but that really transforms its structure and power relationships so that a genuinely democratic political system arises and stands on solid grounds.
